Nathan Butler-Oyedeji was born on 4 January 2003 in London, England, and joined Arsenal's academy at just eight years old. He turned professional with the club in 2021 and spent time training alongside the Arsenal first team before being sent out on loan to gain senior experience. His first loan spell took him to Accrington Stanley in January 2023, followed by a season-long loan at EFL League One side Cheltenham Town from September 2023.
Butler-Oyedeji made his senior Arsenal debut on 22 January 2025, coming on as a late substitute for Gabriel Martinelli in a 3–0 UEFA Champions League victory over Dinamo Zagreb. He added a Premier League appearance to his record on 20 April 2025, coming off the bench in a 4–0 away win against Ipswich Town. Despite breaking into the first-team picture, he was released by Arsenal at the end of the 2024–25 season.
A direct and physical striker, Butler-Oyedeji is effective in behind-the-defence running and pressing situations. He is of Nigerian and Vincentian descent through his father and mother respectively.
In July 2025, he signed a three-year contract with Swiss Super League club Lausanne-Sport, who will look to give him the consistent playing time he was unable to secure at Arsenal.