Filip Jörgensen was born on 16 April 2002 in Lomma, Sweden, to a Swedish mother and a Danish father. He came through several youth clubs before joining Villarreal's academy in 2017, having previously represented GIF Nike Lomma, Malmö FF, and clubs in Mallorca. He worked his way up through Villarreal's structure, making his professional debut for the B-side in the Segunda División in August 2022 before earning his La Liga debut in January 2023.
Jörgensen's breakthrough season came in 2023–24, when he recorded the most saves of any goalkeeper in La Liga that campaign — 143 in total — establishing himself as one of the division's most reliable shot-stoppers. He was part of the Villarreal side that had won the UEFA Europa League in 2020–21, though his own major silverware came after his move to England.
A composed, well-organised goalkeeper with strong reflexes, Jörgensen joined Chelsea in July 2024 for a fee of around £20 million on a seven-year contract, becoming a key figure in goal as the club won the UEFA Conference League and the FIFA Club World Cup. He was named in the UEFA Conference League Team of the Season for 2024–25.
Despite representing Sweden at under-17 and under-19 level, Jörgensen switched international allegiance to Denmark in May 2021. He made his senior debut for the Danish national team on 7 June 2025, keeping composed in a 2–1 friendly win over Northern Ireland.